全过程人民民主贯通人民民主各环节各方面
Whole-Process Democracy Is Integral to All Facets of People’s Democracy
秋平
Qiu Ping
中国的全过程人民民主，不仅有完整的制度程序，而且有完整的参与实践
China’s whole-process people’s democracy is supported by a complete set of institutions and procedures and has full-fledged participation in practice
全过程人民民主把选举民主与协商民主结合起来，把民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督贯通起来，涵盖经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等各个方面。
It combines electoral democracy and consultative democracy, and it is implemented through a combination of elections, consultations, decision-making, management, and supervision across economic, political, cultural, social, environmental, and other fields.
具有时间上的连续性、内容上的整体性、运行上的协同性、人民参与上的广泛性和持续性，使国家政治生活和社会生活各环节各方面都体现人民意愿、听到人民声音。
This consistent, comprehensive, and coordinated system involves regular and extensive participation, ensuring that the people’s voices are heard and their wishes are represented in every aspect of China’s political and social life.
中国民主选举的特点
Characteristics of democratic elections in China
中国的选举是广泛的，有国家机构选举、村（居）委会选举、企事业单位职工代表大会选举等，涵盖了国家政治生活和社会生活的各个方面；
China holds extensive elections, covering various aspects of national political and social life, including elections for state organs, village and neighborhood committees, and employee representatives in enterprises and public institutions.
中国的选举是平等的，人民的选举权和被选举权得到充分保障，一人一票、票票等值；
Elections in China are equal, with people’s right to vote and to be elected fully guaranteed, and each vote having the same value.
中国的选举是真实的，不受金钱操控，选民按照自己的意愿选出自己信任的人；
Elections in China are genuine, not manipulated by money, and voters choose the candidate they trust according to their own will.
中国的选举是发展的，选举形式手段随着经济社会的发展不断创新和丰富。
Elections in China are also evolving, with new and diverse forms and means of voting continuously being developed as economic and social progress is achieved.
协商民主是实践全过程人民民主的重要形式
Consultative democracy is an important way of implementing whole-process people’s democracy
在各领域各层级，人民群众就改革发展稳定的重大问题以及事关自身利益的问题，通过提案、会议、座谈、论证、听证、评估、咨询、网络、民意调查等多种途径和方式，在决策之前和决策实施之中开展广泛协商。
In various fields and at all levels, the people participate in extensive consultations before and during decision-making through various means and methods, including proposals, conferences, symposiums, deliberations, hearings, evaluations, discussions, online activities, and public opinion surveys. Consultations relate to major issues concerning reform, development, stability, and the people’s own interests.
民主决策是全过程人民民主的重要一环
Democratic decision-making is a key facet of whole-process people’s democracy
各级人民代表大会及其常务委员会保障人民通过各种途径参与立法活动，努力让每一项立法反映人民意愿、得到人民拥护；
People’s congresses and their standing committees at all levels ensure public participation in legislative activities through various channels and make every effort to see that every piece of legislation reflects the people’s will and wins their support.
各级人民政府就即将实施的重大决策充分听取各方面意见，保障人民群众通过多种途径和形式参与决策；
People’s governments at all levels listen to opinions from all stakeholders on major decisions to be implemented and major decision-making proposals put forward by various parties, ensuring the people’s participation in decision-making through various channels and in various forms.
基层群众就基层治理中的重大问题提出意见建议，参与决策制定和实施。
At the primary level, people can put forward opinions and suggestions on major governance issues and participate in the processes of making and implementing decisions.
基层民主是全过程人民民主的重要体现
Primary-level democracy is an important manifestation of whole-process people’s democracy
人民行使宪法赋予的各项权利并承担宪法赋予公民的责任和义务，在各个层级、各个领域参与国家政治生活和社会生活的管理，普遍实现村（居）民在基层公共事务和公益事业中的自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督。
As citizens, people exercise their rights and fulfill their responsibilities and obligations as defined by the Constitution, thereby participating in the management of national political and social life at all levels and in all fields. This ensures that all urban and rural residents have the opportunity to manage, serve, educate, and oversee their own communities in terms of public affairs and public welfare initiatives.
全过程人民民主的监督形式多种多样
The forms of oversight under whole-process people’s democracy are many and diverse
包括人大监督、民主监督、行政监督、监察监督、司法监督、审计监督、财会监督、统计监督、群众监督、舆论监督等形式。
They include oversight by people’s congresses, democratic oversight, administrative oversight, oversight by supervisory bodies, judicial oversight, audit-based oversight, financial and accounting oversight, statistical oversight, public supervision, and oversight through public opinion.
中文编辑：郝遥
英文编辑：李晓琼
审校：张娴 衣小伟
审核：李振通
监制：于波
